About Todoko-Ranu
Todoko-Ranu is a caldera(s) rising to 979 meters (3,212 feet) in Indonesia's Western Pacific Volcanic Regions. No historical eruptions have been recorded, though the volcano is classified based on geological evidence of past activity.
Geography & Climate
Todoko-Ranu is located in Indonesia, within the Halmahera Volcanic Arc of the broader Western Pacific Volcanic Regions. Situated at 1.24° N, 127.46° E in the Northern Hemisphere, the volcano lies within a tropical climate zone. With a summit elevation of 979 meters above sea level, Todoko-Ranu is a moderately sized peak that remains accessible to hikers and researchers for much of the year. The volcanic landform is characterized as a composite, which describes the physical shape and structure of the volcanic edifice as observed from the surface.
Geological Context
Todoko-Ranu sits in a subduction zone, where one tectonic plate dives beneath another, creating intense heat and pressure that generates magma. Subduction zones are responsible for many of the world's most explosive volcanoes and deadliest eruptions. For communities in Indonesia near Todoko-Ranu, this tectonic setting means the volcano is capable of producing powerful explosive eruptions, pyroclastic flows, and lahars that can threaten populated areas within tens of kilometers of the summit. The dominant rock type is andesite / basaltic andesite, a dark, fine-grained volcanic rock that forms from rapidly cooling, low-viscosity lava. Basaltic eruptions tend to be less explosive and produce fluid lava flows that can travel long distances. While less immediately dangerous than explosive eruptions, basaltic lava flows can destroy structures and infrastructure in their path, and volcanic gases released during these eruptions can affect air quality over a wide area.
GVP Reference Summary
Todoko-Ranu is a large volcanic complex south of Gamkonora in North Maluku, Halmahera, that includes two calderas. The 2 x 2.8 km nested Ranu calderas on the north contains a caldera lake in the smaller one. The lava-filled Todoko caldera is south of the Ranu calderas. The post-caldera Sahu cone, on the S flank of Todoko, is the high point of the complex. Gunung Onu, NW of Ranu caldera, lies at the northern end of the complex. No eruptions have been reported, but it was mapped as Holocene (Supriatna, 1980). Fumaroles are present at Ranu caldera and hot springs are found on Mt. Sahu. Youthful-looking lava flows reach the sea from several locations within the complex.
— Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program
0 Recorded Eruptions
No eruption records available for Todoko-Ranu.
Real-Time Data
USGS Alert Level
Thermal Anomalies
Frequently Asked Questions About Todoko-Ranu
Is Todoko-Ranu an active volcano?+
Todoko-Ranu is classified as active based on credible evidence of past eruptions. Although its last known eruption was in prehistoric times, volcanologists consider it capable of erupting again.
How high is Todoko-Ranu?+
Todoko-Ranu has a summit elevation of 979 meters (3,212 feet) above sea level. At 979 meters, it is a relatively low-elevation volcano.
What type of volcano is Todoko-Ranu?+
Todoko-Ranu is classified as a Caldera(s). Caldera(s) volcanoes have distinct geological characteristics that set them apart from other volcanic types.
Where is Todoko-Ranu located?+
Todoko-Ranu is located in Indonesia, in the Western Pacific Volcanic Regions. More specifically, it lies within the Halmahera Volcanic Arc. Its exact coordinates are 1.239° latitude, 127.456° longitude.
Is it safe to visit Todoko-Ranu?+
Todoko-Ranu can generally be visited, but as with any volcano, visitors should check local conditions and any advisory notices before traveling. Indonesia may have specific regulations for accessing volcanic areas. Guided tours are often the safest and most informative way to experience a volcano.
