Mayon Volcano

Mayon Volcano 2026: What's Happening Now

As of mid-September 2026, Mayon is at Alert Level 2— moderate unrest. PHIVOLCS lowered it from Level 3 on August 5, 2026 as the year's eruptive episode eased. But the volcano has since shown signs of fresh pressurization. On August 31 its sulfur dioxide output jumped to 7,115 tonnes — the second-highest daily figure since gas emissions began declining on July 16, and well above the 3,844 t/day average measured since the Level 2 downgrade. Combined with a short-term swelling of the northern and eastern flanks and 12 low-frequency volcanic earthquakes logged by September 1, that spike prompted PHIVOLCS to warn that Mayon could shift back toward eruptive activity. The 6 km permanent danger zone stays off-limits.Sources: The Manila Times (Sept 3, 2026); Manila Bulletin (Sept 1 & 4, 2026); Philippine Information Agency; PHIVOLCS bulletins. Primary PHIVOLCS/news pages were fetch-blocked this run; figures triangulated across these outlets.

Back on May 2, 2026, Mayon unleashed a pyroclastic density current — locally called an "uson" — that raced 4 km down the Mi-isi gully on the southwestern slopes. An ash column punched 3,000 meters into the atmosphere, and PHIVOLCS immediately raised the alert from Level 2 to Level 3. Flights in and out of Legazpi were disrupted, and ashfall blanketed towns across Albay province as far as Masbate island.

This wasn't a surprise. Mayon had been in a slow-burn eruptive phase since January 6, 2026, when lava began effusing at the summit crater. By May, the lava front had advanced 3.8 km from the summit down the Basud gully. Sulfur dioxide emissions climbed to 1,829 tonnes per day by May 5 — a sharp increase from the 1,586 tonnes measured on May 3. In a single 24-hour period, PHIVOLCS recorded 336 rockfall events, 14 volcanic earthquakes, and 5 volcanic tremors lasting up to 8 minutes.

The 2026 eruption follows a pattern I've tracked across our database: Mayon's recent eruptions cluster tightly. The 2023-24 eruption ended in February 2024, and the current phase started less than a year later. This kind of rapid cycling between eruptive phases is typical for Mayon — it erupts roughly every 6 years on average, but the gaps have been shrinking since 2018.

The concern now is whether the August SO2 flare-up marks the start of a fresh climb rather than a fading tail. During the 2018 eruption, Mayon briefly hit Level 4 — hazardous eruption imminent — with lava fountains reaching 500-700 meters. For now PHIVOLCS holds the alert at Level 2 while flagging that the elevated gas and swelling could forewarn a return to eruptive activity. This same restless, one-of- seven backdrop is playing out region-wide; see our explainer on why so many volcanoes were erupting at once in September 2026.

By VolcanoDB Research Team. Data: PHIVOLCS, Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program (GVP #273030), VAAC Darwin.

The World's Most Perfect Cone — Why Mayon Looks Like That

Mayon is arguably the most symmetrical stratovolcano on Earth. Its near-perfect cone rises 2,462 meters from a base that's almost perfectly circular, with slopes averaging 35-40 degrees — steep enough to look dramatic, gentle enough to maintain symmetry.

The perfection comes from frequency. With 69 recorded eruptions, Mayon deposits new layers of lava and pyroclastic material so often that erosion never has time to significantly alter the shape. Compare this to Mount St. Helens, which went 123 years between major eruptions and had its cone catastrophically reshaped in 1980. Mayon's cone self-repairs every few years.

The rock composition matters too. Mayon produces andesite and basaltic andesite — moderately viscous lavas that flow far enough to maintain gentle slopes but are sticky enough to build height. It's the Goldilocks zone for cone-building.

69 Eruptions Since 1616: Mayon's Complete Eruption History

Our database tracks 69 eruptions for Mayon, sourced from the Smithsonian GVP. That's an eruption every 5.9 years on average — one of the highest frequencies of any volcano in our 1,740-volcano database. Here are the eruptions that shaped Mayon's history and the science of Philippine volcanology.

The VEI distribution tells the story: 26 eruptions at VEI 2 (moderate), 15 at VEI 3 (large), and 2 at VEI 4 (very large). Mayon rarely goes quiet for long, and it rarely goes catastrophically explosive either. It's a reliable, persistent producer of moderate eruptions — which is exactly why it maintains that perfect cone.

View Mayon's complete database entry for the full eruption record, including VEI values, eruption areas, and evidence categories for each event.

The 1814 Eruption: Mayon's Deadliest Day

On February 1, 1814, Mayon produced its most devastating eruption — a VEI 4 event that killed over 1,200 people. The eruption sent pyroclastic flows racing down all flanks of the volcano, incinerating everything within several kilometers.

The Cagsawa church, built by Franciscan missionaries in 1587, became a death trap. Hundreds of villagers had gathered inside, believing the stone structure would protect them. It didn't. The pyroclastic flows buried the entire town under millions of cubic meters of tephra and volcanic debris. Today, only the church's bell tower protrudes above the deposits — a haunting monument that's become Albay province's most photographed landmark.

Lahars triggered by the eruption traveled 15+ km from the summit, following river channels to the coast. The eruption ejected an estimated 50-60 million cubic meters of tephra — roughly 20 Olympic swimming pools' worth of volcanic material.

Why Mayon's Pyroclastic Flows Are So Dangerous

Mayon's steep slopes — 35-40 degrees on average — are a pyroclastic flow accelerator. When a pyroclastic density current forms at Mayon's summit (either from column collapse or lava dome collapse), it hits steep terrain immediately and accelerates downhill. The gullies carved by previous eruptions act as channels, funneling the flows toward populated areas.

The May 2, 2026 pyroclastic flow followed the Mi-isi gully on the southwestern flank — one of the most active drainage channels. The 1993 eruption killed 77 people when pyroclastic flows came down these same gullies and caught farmers who had returned to their fields inside the danger zone.

That's why PHIVOLCS maintains a permanent 6 km danger zone around Mayon — unlike many other volcanoes where exclusion zones are only established during active unrest. With Mayon, the threat is essentially permanent.

Visiting Mayon: Cagsawa Ruins, ATV Tours & When It's Safe

Outside of active eruption phases, Mayon is one of the most visually stunning volcanoes you can get close to. The region around Legazpi City (13 km from the summit) has built a tourism economy around the volcano, and the infrastructure is solid.

For more volcano tourism ideas, check our volcano hiking safety guide and the Mount Etna hiking guide — another active stratovolcano you can actually climb during non-eruptive periods.

Mayon in Context: How It Compares

Mayon sits on the Eastern Philippine Volcanic Arc, part of the broader Pacific Ring of Fire. The Philippines has 24 active volcanoes— including Kanlaon Volcano on Negros Island, which has been the country's most active in 2026 — and Mayon ranks among our most dangerous volcanoes due to the 3 million people in Albay province. Here's how it stacks up against other frequently active volcanoes:

What makes Mayon distinctive isn't just the eruption count — it's the combination of high frequency, explosive potential (VEI 3-4), and dense surrounding population. Over 100,000 people live within the permanent danger zone. Unlike Kilauea, which produces relatively gentle shield volcano eruptions, Mayon's stratovolcanic eruptions regularly produce pyroclastic flows — the deadliest volcanic hazard.

How PHIVOLCS Monitors Mayon

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) operates a dense monitoring network around Mayon. This includes seismometers that detect the volcanic earthquakes and rockfall events reported daily, tiltmeters that measure ground deformation as magma rises, and gas spectrometers that track SO2 emissions — the 7,115 tonnes/day spike on August 31, 2026 comes from these instruments.

The alert system runs from Level 0 (quiet) to Level 5 (hazardous eruption in progress). Level 2, where Mayon sits now, means a "moderate level of unrest" driven by shallow processes. The concern is that a sustained gas-and-deformation flare-up like late August can be a precursor to re-escalation — the jump between levels can happen fast, as it did during the 2018 eruption when Mayon climbed to Level 4 within days.

Frequently Asked Questions