About Sumbing
Sumbing is a stratovolcano rising to 2,507 meters (8,225 feet) in Indonesia's Sunda-Banda Volcanic Regions. It last erupted in 1921 CE, and volcanologists consider it an active volcanic system. The volcano has produced 2 recorded eruptions, with a maximum Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 2.
Geography & Climate
Sumbing is located in Indonesia, within the Sunda Volcanic Arc of the broader Sunda-Banda Volcanic Regions. Situated at 2.41° S, 101.73° E in the Southern Hemisphere, the volcano lies within a tropical climate zone. At 2,507 meters above sea level, Sumbing rises above the surrounding terrain into montane or subalpine conditions. The elevation creates distinct ecological zones along its flanks, from forested lower slopes to exposed rocky terrain near the summit. The volcanic landform is characterized as a composite, which describes the physical shape and structure of the volcanic edifice as observed from the surface.
Geological Context
Sumbing sits in a subduction zone, where one tectonic plate dives beneath another, creating intense heat and pressure that generates magma. Subduction zones are responsible for many of the world's most explosive volcanoes and deadliest eruptions. For communities in Indonesia near Sumbing, this tectonic setting means the volcano is capable of producing powerful explosive eruptions, pyroclastic flows, and lahars that can threaten populated areas within tens of kilometers of the summit. The dominant rock type is andesite / basaltic andesite, a dark, fine-grained volcanic rock that forms from rapidly cooling, low-viscosity lava. Basaltic eruptions tend to be less explosive and produce fluid lava flows that can travel long distances. While less immediately dangerous than explosive eruptions, basaltic lava flows can destroy structures and infrastructure in their path, and volcanic gases released during these eruptions can affect air quality over a wide area.
Eruption History Summary
Sumbing has 2 recorded eruptions in the geological database, spanning from 1909 CE to 1921 CE. The most powerful recorded event was an explosive event producing ash plumes up to several kilometers in 1921 CE, reaching VEI 2 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. These eruptions span roughly 12 years of volcanic history. The most recent eruption in 1921 CE places this volcano within the modern era of volcanological observation.
GVP Reference Summary
Smaller than its prominent namesake on Java, Sumatra's Sumbing volcano has a complicated summit region containing several crater remnants and a 180-m-long crater lake. Its only reported eruptions, in 1909 and 1921, produced moderate explosions. Hot springs occur at the SW foot of the volcano.
— Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program
2 Recorded Eruptions
| Year | VEI | Type | Area |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 | 2 | Confirmed Eruption | — |
| 1909 | 2 | Confirmed Eruption | — |
Real-Time Data
USGS Alert Level
Thermal Anomalies
Frequently Asked Questions About Sumbing
Is Sumbing an active volcano?+
Yes, Sumbing is considered an active volcano. Its most recent eruption was in 1921 CE. The volcano is monitored by geological agencies, and its activity status is based on observed eruptions within recorded history.
When did Sumbing last erupt?+
The most recent recorded eruption of Sumbing occurred in 1921 CE with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 2. The eruption was classified as a "Confirmed Eruption." Sumbing has 2 recorded eruptions in total.
How high is Sumbing?+
Sumbing has a summit elevation of 2,507 meters (8,225 feet) above sea level. At 2,507 meters, it is comparable in height to many significant mountain peaks and stands well above the tree line.
What type of volcano is Sumbing?+
Sumbing is classified as a Stratovolcano. Stratovolcanoes (also called composite volcanoes) are steep, conical volcanoes built up by many layers of hardened lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. They are among the most common and dangerous types, known for explosive eruptions.
Where is Sumbing located?+
Sumbing is located in Indonesia, in the Sunda-Banda Volcanic Regions. More specifically, it lies within the Sunda Volcanic Arc. Its exact coordinates are -2.414° latitude, 101.728° longitude.
Is it safe to visit Sumbing?+
Visiting Sumbing requires checking current volcanic activity and alert levels. As an active volcano with eruptions as recent as 1921 CE, conditions can change rapidly. Always consult local geological authorities and follow official warnings before visiting. Many active volcanoes have designated safe viewing areas and guided tour options.
